![]() ![]() Writing in an era when man contained every woman as well, Fromm considers the seedbed of our surrender: Art by Olivier Tallec from This Is a Poem That Heals Fish by Jean-Pierre Simeón Modern man still is anxious and tempted to surrender his freedom to dictators of all kinds, or to lose it by transforming himself into a small cog in the machine, well fed, and well clothed, yet not a free man but an automaton. In a foreword penned a quarter century after the book’s initial publication, Fromm adds a sentiment of chilling resonance today, yet another half-century later: The understanding of the reasons for the totalitarian flight from freedom is a premise for any action which aims at the victory over the totalitarian forces. This isolation is unbearable and the alternatives he is confronted with are either to escape from the burden of his freedom into new dependencies and submission, or to advance to the full realization of positive freedom which is based upon the uniqueness and individuality of man.Ī decade before Hannah Arendt examined how tyrants use isolation and alienation as a weapon of oppression in her classic treatise on the origins of totalitarianism, Fromm writes: Freedom, though it has brought him independence and rationality, has made him isolated and, thereby, anxious and powerless. Modern man, freed from the bonds of pre-individualistic society, which simultaneously gave him security and limited him, has not gained freedom in the positive sense of the realization of his individual self that is, the expression of his intellectual, emotional and sensuous potentialities. While modern civilization has liberated human beings in a number of practical ways and has furnished us with various positive freedoms, its psychological impacts has given rise to an epidemic of negative freedom. Erich FrommĪt the heart of Fromm’s thesis is the notion that freedom is a diamagnetic force - by one pole, it compels us to escape to it, which Fromm calls positive freedom by the other, it drives us to escape from it, a manifestation of negative freedom. What determines the degree to which we are free is what the great German humanistic philosopher and psychologist Erich Fromm (March 23, 1900–March 18, 1980) explores in his first major work, the prescient 1941 treasure Escape from Freedom ( public library) - a book Fromm deems “a diagnosis rather than a prognosis,” written during humanity’s grimmest descent into madness in WWII, laying out the foundational ideas on which Fromm would later draw in considering the basis of a sane society. Neuroscientist Christoph Koch put it perfectly in his treatise on free will: “Freedom is always a question of degree rather than an absolute good that we do or do not possess.” And yet we do - beyond the baseline laws of physics and their perennially disquieting corollary regarding free will, which presupposes that even the nature of the faculty doing the relinquishing is not the sovereign entity we wish it were, we are governed by myriad ideological, social, economic, political, and psychological forces that mitigate the parameters of our freedom. What I want it to parse to is this: s/require_once\(''\) /require_once\(''\) require_once\("\./functions/include\.session\.inc\.“Freedom is not something that anybody can be given,” James Baldwin wrote in contemplating how we imprison ourselves, “freedom is something people take and people are as free as they want to be.” It is hard not to instinctually bristle at this notion - we all like to see ourselves as autonomous agents of our own destiny who would never willfully relinquish our freedom. I get the prompt to complete the command: > ![]() ![]() However, when I try to escape the single quotes: echo 's/require_once\(\'include\.constants\.php\'\) /require_once\(\'include\.constants\.php\'\) require_once\("\./functions/include\.session\.inc\.php"\) /g' I tried echoing the string with unescaped quotes, to see what perl would be getting: echo 's/require_once\('include\.constants\.php'\) /require_once\('include\.constants\.php'\) require_once\("\./functions/include\.session\.inc\.php"\) /g'Īnd it doesn't have the single-quotes in the result: s/require_once\(\) /require_once\(\) require_once\("\./functions/include\.session\.inc\.php"\) /g The string I want to replace has single quotes in it, and I can't get it to properly escape the in shell. I'm trying to make a command to do a perl substitution on a batch of php files in a directory.
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